# Search Modes The Swiss-AL Workbench provides three search modes: [Quick Search](#quick-search), [Basic Search](#basic-search) and [Advanced Search](#advanced-search). ## Quick Search The Quick Search is the simplest mode which allows you to enter your search term without specifying any form of annotation or without needing to know any specialized query syntax. With this mode, you can search for single and consecutive words. In both cases, the searching algoritm will find all word forms with which your search term(s) is associated with (see table below). The quick search is case insensitive: uppercase letters are converted to lowercase (*A*→*a*) in the background. ### Examples in German | Your search term | The algoritm will search for | Explanation | |-----------------|------------|------------| | *gehen* | gehe, gehst, geht, gehen, geh, ging, gingen, gegangen | The algoritm translates your search as lemma *gehen* 'to go' and searches the full verb paradigm saved in our database. | | *soziale Gerechtigkeit* | soziale Gerechtigkeit, sozialen Gerechtigkeit, sozialer Gerechtigkeit, ... | *soziale Gerechtigkeit* 'social justice': the algoritm searches for all paradigm endings for each word.| ### Examples in French | Your search term | The algorithm will search for | Explanation | |-----------------|------------|------------| | *aller* | vais, vas, va, allons, allez, vont, allait, allions, allé, allée, allés, allées, ... | The algorithm translates your search as the lemma *aller* 'to go' and searches for all verb forms stored in our database. | | *justice sociale* | justice sociale, justice sociales, ... | *justice sociale* 'social justice': the algorithm searches for all possible grammatical forms of each word. | ### Examples in Italian | Your search term | The algorithm will search for | Explanation | |-----------------|------------|------------| | *andare* | vado, vai, va, andiamo, andate, vanno, andavo, andavi, andava, andavamo, andavate, andavano, andato, andata, andati, andate, ... | The algorithm translates your search as the lemma *andare* 'to go' and searches for all verb forms stored in our database. | | *giustizia sociale* | giustizia sociale, giustizie sociali, ... | *giustizia sociale* 'social justice': the algorithm searches for all possible grammatical forms of each word. | ## Basic Search The Basic Search allows you to search for terms that match **exactly** your search pattern (instead of searching the whole paradigm as in *Quick Search*) and to search for terms that **start** or **end** with a specified pattern. You can also search for **alternative terms** (OR condition). With OR, you can search for texts that contain term *X* as well as texts that contain *Y*. 💡 For example, if your are looking for mentions of 2022 and 2023 with OR, you will find texts that contain 2022 and those that contain 2023. You might also find those that contain both 2023 and 2024, as the two terms might be mentioned in the same text. However, note that OR will not search *only* for those texts that contain both 2022 and 2023. If you are interested in finding texts that contain multiple terms of your choice in the same text, you can do it by creating a subcorpus and specifying keywords that have to appear in each text. The Basic Search also allows you to filter by **parts of speech** (nouns, adjectives, verbs). The search is case-sensitive: uppercase letters are *not* converted to lowercase (*A*→*a*) in the background. Searching for **consequtive words** is also possible in Basic Search. In the consecutive search you can also search for parts of speech without specifying a search pattern in case the search pattern in specified for previous of following words. For example, you might search for adjectives before the terms starting with "Migration" by selecting *Adjective* **followed by** *Migration*. ### Examples in German | Option | Part of speech | Search term | Explanation | |---------------|---------------|---------------|---------------| | exact | any | *geht* | It searches for the term *geht* as you wrote it, without including the whole verb paradigm | | start | any | *Migration* | It searches for all the terms beginning with *Migration*, like *Migrationspolitik*, *Migrationshintergrund*, etc. | | end| any | *Migration* | It searches for all the terms ending with *Migration*, like *Remigration*, *Emigration*, *Massenmigration*, etc. | | exact | noun | *Essen* | It searches for the term *Essen* only when it is annotated as a noun in the corpus. | ### Examples in French | Option | Part of speech | Search term | Explanation | |-----------|----------------|---------------|-------------------------------------------------------------| | exact | any | *parle* | It searches for the term *parle* exactly as written, without including other verb forms. | | start | any | *écolo* | It searches for all terms starting with *écolo*, like *écologie*, *écologiste*, *écolosceptique*, etc. | | end | any | *isme* | It searches for all terms ending with *isme*, like *socialisme*, *capitalisme*, *futurisme*, etc. | | exact | noun | *banc* | It searches for the term *banc* only when it is annotated as a noun in the corpus. | ### Examples in Italian | Option | Part of speech | Search term | Explanation | |-----------|----------------|---------------|-------------------------------------------------------------| | exact | any | *parla* | It searches for the term *parla* exactly as written, without including other verb forms. | | start | any | *eco* | It searches for all terms starting with *eco*, like *ecologia*, *ecosistema*, *ecoturismo*, etc. | | end | any | *zione* | It searches for all terms ending with *zione*, like *nazione*, *educazione*, *organizzazione*, etc. | | exact | noun | *banca* | It searches for the term *banca* only when it is annotated as a noun in the corpus. | ## Advanced Search In the [Advanced Search](#advanced-search), we implement the **CQP** syntax. CQP is a powerful query language for searching linguistic corpora. It is designed for querying large annotated text corpora with complex conditions and linguistic annotations. CQP syntax allows for pattern matching, searching for word forms, lemmas, parts of speech, named entities and other annotations, and supports advanced linguistic queries. In the following sections, we show some of the most important, *but not all* features of the CQP syntax. For exploring its full capacity, see [CQP Interface and Query Language Manua](https://cwb.sourceforge.io/files/CQP_Manual.pdf) and [The CQP Query Language Tutorial](https://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/teaching/courses/inf1/da/2010-2011/tutorials/cqp-tutorial.pdf). ### Examples in German | Search Type | Syntax | Explanation | |-------------|--------|-------------| | **One-term search** | `"Demokratie"` | Searches for the exact word *Demokratie*. | | **Word search using parameter** | `[word="Demokratie"]` | Searches for the word *Demokratie* using the **word** parameter. | | **Lemma search** | `[lemma="Demokratie"]` | Searches for all **inflected forms** of the lemma *Demokratie*. | | **Part-of-speech (PoS) search** | `[pos="NN"]` | Searches for common **nouns** (*NN*), see the German PoS tagset. | | **Named Entity (NER) search** | ` [];` | Searches for named entities labeled as *LOC* (locations). You can also specify *ORG* for organisations and *PER* for persons | | **Finding a sequence of words** | `[pos="ADJA"][lemma="Gesellschaft"]` | Searches for an **attributive adjective** (*ADJA*), followed by the lemma *Gesellschaft*. | | **Combining multiple PoS tags** | `([pos="ADJA"]\|[pos="ART"]) [lemma="Gesellschaft"]` | Searches for either an **attributive adjective** (*ADJA*) or an **article** (*ART*), followed by *Gesellschaft*. | | **Multiple conditions in one token** | `[lemma="Essen" & pos="NN"]` | Searches for the lemma *Essen*, but **only when tagged as a noun** (*NN*). | | **Negation (Excluding a specific PoS tag)** | `[lemma="gross" & pos!="ADJD"]` | Searches for *gross*, but **only when it is not** tagged as a **predicative adjective or adverb** (*ADJD*). | | **Longer word sequences** | `[pos="ART"][pos="ADJA"][lemma="Gesellschaft"]` | Searches for an **article** (*ART*), followed by an **adjective** (*ADJA*), followed by *Gesellschaft*. | --- 📌 See [Tagsets](#tagsets) for a list of German PoS tags. ### Examples in French | Search Type | Syntax | Explanation | |-------------|--------|-------------| | **One-term search** | `"démocratie"` | Searches for the exact word *démocratie*. | | **Word search using parameter** | `[word="démocratie"]` | Searches for the word *démocratie* using the **word** parameter. | | **Lemma search** | `[lemma="démocratie"]` | Searches for all **inflected forms** of the lemma *démocratie*. | | **Part-of-speech (PoS) search** | `[pos="NOUN"]` | Searches for **nouns** (*NOUN*) in the French PoS tagset. | | **Named Entity (NER) search** | ` [];` | Searches for named entities labeled as *LOC* (locations). You can also specify *ORG* for organisations and *PER* for persons | | **Finding a sequence of words** | `[pos="ADJ"][lemma="société"]` | Searches for an **adjective** (*ADJ*), followed by the lemma *société*. | | **Combining multiple PoS tags** | `([pos="ADJ"]\|[pos="DET"]) [lemma="société"]` | Searches for either an **adjective** (*ADJ*) or a **determiner** (*DET*), followed by *société*. | | **Multiple conditions in one token** | `[lemma="marche" & pos="NOUN"]` | Searches for the lemma *marche*, but **only when tagged as a noun** (*NOUN*). | | **Negation (Excluding a specific PoS tag)** | `[lemma="grand" & pos!="ADV"]` | Searches for *grand*, but **only when it is not** tagged as an **adverb** (*ADV*). | | **Longer word sequences** | `[pos="DET"][pos="ADJ"][lemma="société"]` | Searches for a **determiner** (*DET*), followed by an **adjective** (*ADJ*), followed by *société*. | --- 📌 See [Tagsets](#tagsets) for a list of French PoS tags. ### Examples in Italian | Search Type | Syntax | Explanation | |-------------|--------|-------------| | **One-term search** | `"democrazia"` | Searches for the exact word *democrazia*. | | **Word search using parameter** | `[word="democrazia"]` | Searches for the word *democrazia* using the **word** parameter. | | **Lemma search** | `[lemma="democrazia"]` | Searches for all **inflected forms** of the lemma *democrazia*. | | **Part-of-speech (PoS) search** | `[pos="NOUN"]` | Searches for **nouns** (*NOUN*) in the Italian PoS tagset. | | **Named Entity (NER) search** | ` [];` | Searches for named entities labeled as *LOC* (locations). You can also specify *ORG* for organisations and *PER* for persons | | **Finding a sequence of words** | `[lemma="società"][pos="ADJ"]` | Searches for the lemma *società*, followed by an **adjective** (*ADJ*). | | **Combining multiple PoS tags** | `([pos="ADJ"]\|[pos="DET"]) [lemma="società"]` | Searches for either an **adjective** (*ADJ*) or a **determiner** (*DET*), followed by *società*. | | **Multiple conditions in one token** | `[lemma="lavoro" & pos="NOUN"]` | Searches for the lemma *lavoro*, but **only when tagged as a noun** (*NOUN*). | | **Negation (Excluding a specific PoS tag)** | `[lemma="grande" & pos!="ADV"]` | Searches for *grande*, but **only when it is not** tagged as an **adverb** (*ADV*). | | **Longer word sequences** | `[pos="DET"][pos="ADJ"][lemma="società"]` | Searches for a **determiner** (*DET*), followed by an **adjective** (*ADJ*), followed by *società*. | --- 📌 See [Tagsets](#tagsets) for a list of Italian PoS tags. ### Regular Expressions This CQP syntax accepts regular expressions, which act as placeholders for certain characters or combinations of characters. The following table shows the most important regular expressions and examples how to use them: | RegEx | Meaning | Example | |------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | `.` | Matches any single character: | **DE:** `[word="erneuerbare."]` → erneuerbaren, erneuerbarem, erneuerbarer, …
**FR:** `[word="ou."]` → oui, oué …
**IT:** `[word="ecologic."]` → ecologica, ecologici, ecologica, … | | `+` | Repetition operator: The preceding character must occur at least once but can appear multiple times (up to the word boundary). Useful with `.`: | **DE:** `[word="Energie.+"]` → Energien, Energiegesetz, Energiestrategien, …
**FR:** `[word="nation.+"]` → nations, national, nationale, nationalisme, …
**IT:** `[word="nazi.+"]` → nazioni, nazionalità, nazionalismo, … | | `*` | Repetition operator: The preceding character can occur any number of times, including zero (up to the word boundary). Useful with `.`: | **DE:** `[word="Energie.*"]` → Energie, Energien, Energiegesetz, Energiestrategien, …
**FR:** `[word="éducation.*"]` → éducation, éducations, …
**IT:** `[word="posta.*"]` → posta, postale, postali, … | | `?` | Repetition operator: The preceding character is optional (can appear or not): | **DE:** `[word="energie–?effizient"]` → energie–effizient, energieeffizient, …
**FR:** `[word="co–?working"]` → co–working, coworking, …
**IT:** `[word="eco–?turismo"]` → eco–turismo, ecoturismo, … | | `(x\|y)` | Matches either element in parentheses separately: | **DE:** `[word="(E\|e)nergie–?(Z\|z)ukunft"]` → Energiezukunft, energiezukunft, Energie-zukunft, Energie-Zukunft, …
**FR:** `[word="(É\|é)cologie–?(V\|v)erte"]` → Écologie verte, écologie-verte, écologieVerte, …
**IT:** `[word="(E\|e)cologia"]` → ecologia, Ecologia | | `x{0,3}` | Matches between 0 and 3 repetitions of the preceding element. Multiple elements can be included in square brackets: | **DE:** `[word="ja{0,3}"` → ja, jaa, jaaa, jaaaa
**FR:** `[word="oui{0,3}"]` → oui, ouii, ouiii, ouiiii
**IT:** `[word="no{0,3}"]` → no, noo, nooo, noooo | | `[]` | Matches any single token between search terms: | **DE:** `[word="die"] [] [word="Energie"]` → die graue Energie, die saubere Energie, …
**FR:** `[word="la"] [] [word="nature"]` → la belle nature, la vraie nature, …
**IT:** `[word="la"] [] [word="volta"]` → la prima volta, la seconda volta, la terza volta, … | | `[^]` | Excludes the characters in brackets after `^` from occurring: | **DE:** `[word=".*?[^eE]nergie"]` → Minergie, Synergie, … but not Energie
**FR:** `[word=".*?[^eEÉé]nergie"]]` → Minergie, synergie, … but not énergie
**IT:** `[word=".*?[^Ee]nergia"]` → Minergia, sinergia, … but not energia | | `!` | Excludes any match for the expression after the exclamation mark. | **DE:** `[pos!="NN"]` → Results include all word types except nouns (NN).
**FR:** `[pos!="NOUN"]` → Results include all word types except nouns (NOUN).
**IT:** `[pos!="NOUN"]` → Results include all word types except nouns (NOUN). | | `&` | Combines `pos`, `word` or `lemma` for a single search term: | **DE:** `[word="richtig" & pos="ADV"]` → Occurrences of *richtig* only as an adverb, not as an adjective.
**FR:** `[word="juste" & pos="ADV"]` → Occurrences of *juste* only as an adverb, not as an adjective.
**IT:** `[word="giusto" & pos="ADV"]` → Occurrences of *giusto* only as an adverb, not as an adjective. | | `\` | Interprets characters literally, even if they are placeholders in CQP: | **DE:** `[word="Erneuerbare"] [word="\?"]` → Finds *Erneuerbare?* literally.
**FR:** `[word="Énergie"] [word="\?"]` → Finds *Énergie?* literally.
**IT:** `[word="Energia"] [word="\?"]` → Finds *Energia?* literally. | | `%c` | Case-insensitive search: | **DE:** `[word="energie"%c]` → Energie, energie
**FR:** `[word="énergie"%c]` → Énergie, énergie
**IT:** `[word="energia"%c]` → Energia, energia | ### Tagsets Use the following tables as a reference for part-of-speech (PoS) tags.

German Tagset (STTS)

| UPOS | XPOS | Description | Description (EN) | Example | |--------|----------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------| | ADJ | ADJA | attributives Adjektiv | attributive adjective | [das] grosse [Haus] | | ADJ | ADJD | adverbiales oder prädikatives Adjektiv | adverbial or predicative adjective | [er fährt] schnell, [er ist] schnell | | ADP | APPR | Präposition; Zirkumposition links | preposition; circumposition left | in [der Stadt], ohne [mich] | | ADP | APPRART | Präposition mit Artikel | preposition with article | im [Haus], zum [Beispiel] | | ADP | APPO | Postposition | postposition | [ihm] zufolge, [der Sache] wegen | | ADP | APZR | Zirkumposition rechts | circumposition right | [von jetzt] an | | ADV | ADV | Adverb | adverb | hier, bald, gestern | | ADV | PAV | Pronominaladverb | pronominal adverb | dafür, dabei, deswegen, trotzdem | | ADV | PWAV | adverbiales Interrogativ- oder Relativpronomen | adverbial interrogative or relative pronoun | warum, wo, wann, worüber | | AUX | VAFIN | finites Verb, Auxiliar | finite verb, auxiliary | [du] bist, [wir] werden | | AUX | VAINF | Infinitiv, Auxiliar | infinitive, auxiliary | werden, sein | | AUX | VAPP | Partizip Perfekt, Auxiliar | past participle, auxiliary | gewesen | | AUX | VAIMP | Imperativ, Auxiliar | imperative, auxiliary | sei [ruhig!] | | CCONJ | KON | nebenordnende Konjunktion | coordinating conjunction | und, oder, aber | | CCONJ | KOKOM | Vergleichspartikel, ohne Satz | comparative particle, without sentence | als, wie | | DET | ART | bestimmter oder unbestimmter Artikel | definite or indefinite article | der, die, das, ein, eine | | DET | PDAT | attribuierendes Demonstrativpronomen | attributive demonstrative pronoun | jener [Mensch] | | DET | PIAT | attribuierendes Indefinitpronomen ohne Determiner | attributive indefinite pronoun without determiner | kein [Mensch], irgendein [Glas] | | DET | PPOSAT | attribuierendes Possesivpronomen | attributive possessive pronoun | mein [Buch], deine [Mutter] | | DET | PWAT | attribuierendes Interrogativpronomen | attributive interrogative pronoun | welche [Farbe], wessen [Hut] | | INTJ | ITJ | Interjektion | interjection | mhm, ach, tja | | NOUN | NN | Appellativa | appellative | Tisch, Herr, [das] Reisen | | NUM | CARD | Kardinalzahl | cardinal number | zwei [Männer], [im Jahre] 1994 | | PART | PTKVZ | abgetrennter Verbzusatz | separable verb prefix | [er kommt] an, [er fährt] Velo | | PART | PTKNEG | Negationspartikel | negation particle | nicht | | PART | PTKA | Partikel bei Adjektiv oder Adverb | particle with adjective or adverb | am [schönsten], zu [schnell] | | PART | PTKZU | 'zu' vor Infinitiv | 'zu' before infinitive | zu [gehen] | | PART | PTKANT | Antwortpartikel | answer particle | ja, nein, danke, bitte | | PRON | PRELAT | attribuierendes Relativpronomen | attributive relative pronoun | [der Mann,] dessen [Hund] | | PRON | PIS | substituierendes Indefinitpronomen | substitutive indefinite pronoun | keiner, viele, man, niemand | | PRON | PPER | irreflexives Personalpronomen | non-reflexive personal pronoun | ich, er, ihm, mich, der | | PRON | PDS | substituierendes Demonstrativpronomen | substitutive demonstrative pronoun | dieser, jener | | PRON | PRF | reflexives Personalpronomen | reflexive personal pronoun | sich, einander, dich, mir | | PRON | PRELS | substituierendes Relativpronomen | substitutive relative pronoun | [der Hund,] der | | PRON | PWS | substituierendes Interrogativpronomen | substitutive interrogative pronoun | wer, was | | PRON | PPOSS | substituierendes Possesivpronomen | substitutive possessive pronoun | meins, deiner | | PROPN | NE | Eigennamen | proper names | Hans, Hamburg, HSV | | PUNCT | $, | Komma | comma | , | | PUNCT | $. | Satzbeendende Interpunktion | sentence-ending punctuation | . ? ! ; : | | PUNCT | $( | sonstige Satzzeichen; satzintern | other punctuation marks; within sentence | ( ) [ ]- | | SCONJ | KOUS | unterordnende Konjunktion mit Satz | subordinating conjunction with sentence | weil, dass, damit, wenn, ob | | SCONJ | KOUI | unterordnende Konjunktion mit 'zu' und Infinitiv | subordinating conjunction with 'zu' and infinitive | um [zu leben], anstatt [zu fragen] | | VERB | VMPP | Partizip Perfekt, modal | past participle, modal | [er hat] gekonnt | | VERB | VVFIN | finites Verb, voll | finite verb, full | [du] gehst, [wir] kommen [an] | | VERB | VVPP | Partizip Perfekt, voll | past participle, full | gegangen, angekommen | | VERB | VMFIN | finites Verb, modal | finite verb, modal | dürfen | | VERB | VVINF | Infinitiv, modal | infinitive, modal | wollen | | VERB | VVIZU | Infinitiv mit 'zu', voll | infinitive with 'zu', full | anzukommen, loszulassen | | VERB | VMINF | Infinitiv, modal | infinitive, modal | wollen | | VERB | VVIMP | Imperativ, voll | imperative, full | komm [!] | | X | TRUNC | Kompositions-Erstglied | first part of compound | an [und Abreise] | | X | FM | Fremdsprachliches Material | foreign language material | [er hat das mit "] A big fish [" übersetzt] | | X | XY | Nichtwort: (Sonderzeichen enthaltend), Stottern, Wort-Bestandteil-Reste | non-word: (containing special characters), stuttering, word fragments | "(D2XW3), w w [weißt du], [te] ha we [in der Normalisierung THW]" |

French Part-of-Speech Tagset

| UPOS | XPOS | Description | Description (EN) | Example | |--------|------------|-------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|----------------------------------| | ADJ | ADJ | adjectif | adjective | grand, petit | | ADP | PRP | préposition | preposition | à, de, pour | | ADP | PRP:det | préposition plus article (au, du, aux, des) | preposition plus article (au, du, aux, des) | au, du, aux, des | | ADV | ADV | adverbe | adverb | vite, bien | | CCONJ | KON | conjunction | conjunction | et, mais | | DET | DET:ART | article | article | le, la, les | | DET | DET:POS | pronom possessif (ma, ta, ...) | possessive pronoun (ma, ta, ...) | ma, ta, sa | | DET | PRO:DEM | pronom démonstratif | demonstrative pronoun | celui, celle | | DET | PRO:IND | pronom indéfini | indefinite pronoun | quelqu'un, aucun | | DET | PRO:POS | pronom possessif | possessive pronoun | le mien, le tien | | DET | PRO:REL | pronom relatif | relative pronoun | qui, que | | INTJ | INT | interjection | interjection | oh, ah | | NOUN | NOM | nom commun | common noun | chat, maison | | NUM | NUM | numéral | numeral | un, deux, trois | | PRON | PRO | pronom (any) | pronoun (any) | il, elle | | PRON | PRO:PER | pronom personnel | personal pronoun | je, tu, nous | | PROPN | NAM | nom propre | proper noun | Paris, Jean | | PUNCT | PUN | ponctuation | punctuation | ., ,, ! | | PUNCT | PUN:cit | ponctuation citation | quotation punctuation | «, » | | PUNCT | SENT | tag de phrase | sentence tag | ... | | SYM | SYM | symbole | symbol | %, & | | VERB | VER:cond | verbe conditionnel | conditional verb | ferais, aurais | | VERB | VER:futu | verbe futur | future tense verb | ferai, aurai | | VERB | VER:impe | verbe impératif | imperative verb | fais, sois | | VERB | VER:impf | verbe imparfait | imperfect tense verb | faisais, avais | | VERB | VER:infi | verbe infinitif | infinitive verb | faire, avoir | | VERB | VER:pper | verbe participe passé | past participle | fait, eu | | VERB | VER:ppre | verbe participe présent | present participle | faisant, ayant | | VERB | VER:pres | verbe présent | present tense verb | fais, ai | | VERB | VER:simp | verbe passé simple | simple past tense verb | fis, eus | | VERB | VER:subi | verbe subjonctif imparfait | imperfect subjunctive verb | fisse, eusse | | VERB | VER:subp | verbe subjonctif présent | present subjunctive verb | fasse, aie | | X | ABR | abréviation | abbreviation | M. (Monsieur) |

Italian Part-of-Speech Tagset

| UPOS | XPOS | Description | Description (EN) | Example | |--------|-----------------|------------------------------|--------------------------------|---------------------------| | ADJ | ADJ | aggettivo | adjective | bello, grande | | ADP | PRE | preposizione | preposition | di, a | | ADP | PRE:det | preposizione articolata | preposition + article | del, nel | | ADV | ADV | avverbio | adverb | velocemente, bene | | CCONJ | CON | congiunzione | conjunction | e, ma | | DET | DET:def | determinante definito | definite determiner | il, la | | DET | DET:indef | determinante indefinito | indefinite determiner | un, una | | DET | PRO:rela | pronome relativo | relative pronoun | che, cui | | DET | PRO:indef | pronome indefinito | indefinite pronoun | qualcuno, niente | | DET | PRO:demo | pronome dimostrativo | demonstrative pronoun | questo, quello | | DET | PRO:poss | pronome possessivo | possessive pronoun | mio, tuo | | DET | PRO:inter | pronome interrogativo | interrogative pronoun | chi, che cosa | | INTJ | INT | interiezione | interjection | oh, ah | | NOUN | NOM | nome | noun | cane, casa | | NUM | ORD | ordinale | ordinal number | primo, secondo | | NUM | NUM | numero | numeral | due, tre | | PRON | PRO:refl | pronome riflessivo | reflexive pronoun | si, mi | | PRON | PRO:pers | pronome personale | personal pronoun | io, tu | | PRON | PRO | pronome | pronoun | egli, esso | | PROPN | NPR | nome proprio | proper noun | Italia, Maria | | PUNCT | PON | punteggiatura | punctuation | , ; | | PUNCT | SENT | fine frase | sentence end | . ! | | SYM | SYM | simbolo | symbol | $, % | | VERB | VER:pres | verbo presente | present tense verb | corre, mangia | | VERB | VER:infi | verbo infinito | infinitive verb | correre, mangiare | | VERB | VER:pper | verbo participio passato | past participle | corso, mangiato | | VERB | VER:geru | verbo gerundio | gerund | correndo, mangiando | | VERB | VER:impf | verbo imperfetto | imperfect verb | correva, mangiava | | VERB | VER:cond | verbo condizionale | conditional verb | correrebbe, mangerebbe | | VERB | VER:cpre | verbo congiuntivo presente | present subjunctive verb | corra, mangi | | VERB | VER:remo | verbo passato remoto | historical perfect | corse, mangiò | | VERB | VER:cimp | verbo congiuntivo imperfetto| imperfect subjunctive verb | corresse, mangiasse | | VERB | VER:impe | verbo imperativo | imperative verb | corri, mangia | | VERB | VER:ppre | verbo participio presente | present participle | correndo, mangiando | | VERB | VER:futu | verbo futuro | future verb | correrà, mangerà | | VERB | VER:ppt | verbo passato prossimo | present perfect verb | ha corso, ha mangiato | | VERB | VER:refl:infi | verbo riflessivo infinito | reflexive infinitive verb | lavarsi, vestirsi | | X | FW | parola straniera | foreign word | software, weekend | | X | LS | indicatore di elenco | list item marker | - • | | X | ABR | abbreviazione | abbreviation | etc., es. | | X | NBC | parola non categorizzata | uncategorized word | xyz, abc |