Search Modes

4. Search Modes#

The Swiss-AL Platform provides three search modes: Quick Search, Basic Search and Advanced Search.

4.1. Quick Search#

The Quick Search is the simplest mode which allows you to enter your search term without specifying any form of annotation or without needing to know any specialized query syntax.

With this mode, you can search for single and consecutive words. In both cases, the searching algoritm will find all word forms with which your search term(s) is associated with (see table below). The quick search is case insensitive: uppercase letters are converted to lowercase (A→a) in the background.

4.1.1. Examples in German#

Your search term	The algoritm will search for	Explanation
gehen	gehe, gehst, geht, gehen, geh, ging, gingen, gegangen	The algoritm translates your search as lemma gehen ‘to go’ and searches the full verb paradigm saved in our database.
soziale Gerechtigkeit	soziale Gerechtigkeit, sozialen Gerechtigkeit, sozialer Gerechtigkeit, …	soziale Gerechtigkeit ‘social justice’: the algoritm searches for all paradigm endings for each word.

4.1.2. Examples in French#

Your search term	The algorithm will search for	Explanation
aller	vais, vas, va, allons, allez, vont, allait, allions, allé, allée, allés, allées, …	The algorithm translates your search as the lemma aller ‘to go’ and searches for all verb forms stored in our database.
justice sociale	justice sociale, justice sociales, …	justice sociale ‘social justice’: the algorithm searches for all possible grammatical forms of each word.

4.1.3. Examples in Italian#

Your search term	The algorithm will search for	Explanation
andare	vado, vai, va, andiamo, andate, vanno, andavo, andavi, andava, andavamo, andavate, andavano, andato, andata, andati, andate, …	The algorithm translates your search as the lemma andare ‘to go’ and searches for all verb forms stored in our database.
giustizia sociale	giustizia sociale, giustizie sociali, …	giustizia sociale ‘social justice’: the algorithm searches for all possible grammatical forms of each word.

4.2. Basic Search#

The Basic Search allows you to search for terms that match exactly your search pattern (instead of searching the whole paradigm as in Quick Search) and to search for terms that start or end with a specified pattern.

You can also search for alternative terms (OR condition). With OR, you can search for texts that contain term X as well as texts that contain Y.

💡 For example, if your are looking for mentions of 2022 and 2023 with OR, you will find texts that contain 2022 and those that contain 2023. You might also find those that contain both 2023 and 2024, as the two terms might be mentioned in the same text. However, note that OR will not search only for those texts that contain both 2022 and 2023. If you are interested in finding texts that contain multiple terms of your choice in the same text, you can do it by creating a subcorpus and specifying keywords that have to appear in each text.

The Basic Search also allows you to filter by parts of speech (nouns, adjectives, verbs). The search is case-sensitive: uppercase letters are not converted to lowercase (A→a) in the background.

Searching for consequtive words is also possible in Basic Search. In the consecutive search you can also search for parts of speech without specifying a search pattern in case the search pattern in specified for previous of following words. For example, you might search for adjectives before the terms starting with “Migration” by selecting Adjective followed by Migration.

4.2.1. Examples in German#

Option	Part of speech	Search term	Explanation
exact	any	geht	It searches for the term geht as you wrote it, without including the whole verb paradigm
start	any	Migration	It searches for all the terms beginning with Migration, like Migrationspolitik, Migrationshintergrund, etc.
end	any	Migration	It searches for all the terms ending with Migration, like Remigration, Emigration, Massenmigration, etc.
exact	noun	Essen	It searches for the term Essen only when it is annotated as a noun in the corpus.

4.2.2. Examples in French#

Option	Part of speech	Search term	Explanation
exact	any	parle	It searches for the term parle exactly as written, without including other verb forms.
start	any	écolo	It searches for all terms starting with écolo, like écologie, écologiste, écolosceptique, etc.
end	any	isme	It searches for all terms ending with isme, like socialisme, capitalisme, futurisme, etc.
exact	noun	banc	It searches for the term banc only when it is annotated as a noun in the corpus.

4.2.3. Examples in Italian#

Option	Part of speech	Search term	Explanation
exact	any	parla	It searches for the term parla exactly as written, without including other verb forms.
start	any	eco	It searches for all terms starting with eco, like ecologia, ecosistema, ecoturismo, etc.
end	any	zione	It searches for all terms ending with zione, like nazione, educazione, organizzazione, etc.
exact	noun	banca	It searches for the term banca only when it is annotated as a noun in the corpus.

4.3. Advanced Search#

In the Advanced Search, we implement the CQP syntax. CQP is a powerful query language for searching linguistic corpora. It is designed for querying large annotated text corpora with complex conditions and linguistic annotations. CQP syntax allows for pattern matching, searching for word forms, lemmas, parts of speech, named entities and other annotations, and supports advanced linguistic queries. In the following sections, we show some of the most important, but not all features of the CQP syntax. For exploring its full capacity, see CQP Interface and Query Language Manual and The CQP Query Language Tutorial.

4.3.1. Examples in German#

Search Type	Syntax	Explanation
One-term search	`"Demokratie"`	Searches for the exact word Demokratie.
Word search using parameter	`[word="Demokratie"]`	Searches for the word Demokratie using the word parameter.
Lemma search	`[lemma="Demokratie"]`	Searches for all inflected forms of the lemma Demokratie.
Part-of-speech (PoS) search	`[pos="NN"]`	Searches for common nouns (NN), see the German PoS tagset.
Named Entity (NER) search	`<ne_entityType="LOC"> [];`	Searches for named entities labeled as LOC (locations). You can also specify ORG for organisations and PER for persons
Finding a sequence of words	`[pos="ADJA"][lemma="Gesellschaft"]`	Searches for an attributive adjective (ADJA), followed by the lemma Gesellschaft.
Combining multiple PoS tags	`([pos="ADJA"]\|[pos="ART"]) [lemma="Gesellschaft"]`	Searches for either an attributive adjective (ADJA) or an article (ART), followed by Gesellschaft.
Multiple conditions in one token	`[lemma="Essen" & pos="NN"]`	Searches for the lemma Essen, but only when tagged as a noun (NN).
Negation (Excluding a specific PoS tag)	`[lemma="gross" & pos!="ADJD"]`	Searches for gross, but only when it is not tagged as a predicative adjective or adverb (ADJD).
Longer word sequences	`[pos="ART"][pos="ADJA"][lemma="Gesellschaft"]`	Searches for an article (ART), followed by an adjective (ADJA), followed by Gesellschaft.

📌 See Tagsets for a list of German PoS tags.

4.3.2. Examples in French#

Search Type	Syntax	Explanation
One-term search	`"démocratie"`	Searches for the exact word démocratie.
Word search using parameter	`[word="démocratie"]`	Searches for the word démocratie using the word parameter.
Lemma search	`[lemma="démocratie"]`	Searches for all inflected forms of the lemma démocratie.
Part-of-speech (PoS) search	`[pos="NOUN"]`	Searches for nouns (NOUN) in the French PoS tagset.
Named Entity (NER) search	`<ne_entityType="LOC"> [];`	Searches for named entities labeled as LOC (locations). You can also specify ORG for organisations and PER for persons
Finding a sequence of words	`[pos="ADJ"][lemma="société"]`	Searches for an adjective (ADJ), followed by the lemma société.
Combining multiple PoS tags	`([pos="ADJ"]\|[pos="DET"]) [lemma="société"]`	Searches for either an adjective (ADJ) or a determiner (DET), followed by société.
Multiple conditions in one token	`[lemma="marche" & pos="NOUN"]`	Searches for the lemma marche, but only when tagged as a noun (NOUN).
Negation (Excluding a specific PoS tag)	`[lemma="grand" & pos!="ADV"]`	Searches for grand, but only when it is not tagged as an adverb (ADV).
Longer word sequences	`[pos="DET"][pos="ADJ"][lemma="société"]`	Searches for a determiner (DET), followed by an adjective (ADJ), followed by société.

📌 See Tagsets for a list of French PoS tags.

4.3.3. Examples in Italian#

Search Type	Syntax	Explanation
One-term search	`"democrazia"`	Searches for the exact word democrazia.
Word search using parameter	`[word="democrazia"]`	Searches for the word democrazia using the word parameter.
Lemma search	`[lemma="democrazia"]`	Searches for all inflected forms of the lemma democrazia.
Part-of-speech (PoS) search	`[pos="NOUN"]`	Searches for nouns (NOUN) in the Italian PoS tagset.
Named Entity (NER) search	`<ne_entityType="LOC"> [];`	Searches for named entities labeled as LOC (locations). You can also specify ORG for organisations and PER for persons
Finding a sequence of words	`[lemma="società"][pos="ADJ"]`	Searches for the lemma società, followed by an adjective (ADJ).
Combining multiple PoS tags	`([pos="ADJ"]\|[pos="DET"]) [lemma="società"]`	Searches for either an adjective (ADJ) or a determiner (DET), followed by società.
Multiple conditions in one token	`[lemma="lavoro" & pos="NOUN"]`	Searches for the lemma lavoro, but only when tagged as a noun (NOUN).
Negation (Excluding a specific PoS tag)	`[lemma="grande" & pos!="ADV"]`	Searches for grande, but only when it is not tagged as an adverb (ADV).
Longer word sequences	`[pos="DET"][pos="ADJ"][lemma="società"]`	Searches for a determiner (DET), followed by an adjective (ADJ), followed by società.

📌 See Tagsets for a list of Italian PoS tags.

4.3.4. Regular Expressions#

This CQP syntax accepts regular expressions, which act as placeholders for certain characters or combinations of characters. The following table shows the most important regular expressions and examples how to use them:

RegEx	Meaning	Example
`.`	Matches any single character:	DE: `[word="erneuerbare."]` → erneuerbaren, erneuerbarem, erneuerbarer, … FR: `[word="ou."]` → oui, oué … IT: `[word="ecologic."]` → ecologica, ecologici, ecologica, …
`+`	Repetition operator: The preceding character must occur at least once but can appear multiple times (up to the word boundary). Useful with `.`:	DE: `[word="Energie.+"]` → Energien, Energiegesetz, Energiestrategien, … FR: `[word="nation.+"]` → nations, national, nationale, nationalisme, … IT: `[word="nazi.+"]` → nazioni, nazionalità, nazionalismo, …
`*`	Repetition operator: The preceding character can occur any number of times, including zero (up to the word boundary). Useful with `.`:	DE: `[word="Energie."]` → Energie, Energien, Energiegesetz, Energiestrategien, … FR:* `[word="éducation."]` → éducation, éducations, … IT:* `[word="posta.*"]` → posta, postale, postali, …
`?`	Repetition operator: The preceding character is optional (can appear or not):	DE: `[word="energie–?effizient"]` → energie–effizient, energieeffizient, … FR: `[word="co–?working"]` → co–working, coworking, … IT: `[word="eco–?turismo"]` → eco–turismo, ecoturismo, …
`(x\|y)`	Matches either element in parentheses separately:	DE: `[word="(E\|e)nergie–?(Z\|z)ukunft"]` → Energiezukunft, energiezukunft, Energie-zukunft, Energie-Zukunft, … FR: `[word="(É\|é)cologie–?(V\|v)erte"]` → Écologie verte, écologie-verte, écologieVerte, … IT: `[word="(E\|e)cologia"]` → ecologia, Ecologia
`x{0,3}`	Matches between 0 and 3 repetitions of the preceding element. Multiple elements can be included in square brackets:	DE: `[word="ja{0,3}"` → ja, jaa, jaaa, jaaaa FR: `[word="oui{0,3}"]` → oui, ouii, ouiii, ouiiii IT: `[word="no{0,3}"]` → no, noo, nooo, noooo
`[]`	Matches any single token between search terms:	DE: `[word="die"] [] [word="Energie"]` → die graue Energie, die saubere Energie, … FR: `[word="la"] [] [word="nature"]` → la belle nature, la vraie nature, … IT: `[word="la"] [] [word="volta"]` → la prima volta, la seconda volta, la terza volta, …
`[^]`	Excludes the characters in brackets after `^` from occurring:	DE: `[word=".?[^eE]nergie"]` → Minergie, Synergie, … but not Energie FR:* `[word=".?[^eEÉé]nergie"]]` → Minergie, synergie, … but not énergie IT:* `[word=".*?[^Ee]nergia"]` → Minergia, sinergia, … but not energia
`!`	Excludes any match for the expression after the exclamation mark.	DE: `[pos!="NN"]` → Results include all word types except nouns (NN). FR: `[pos!="NOUN"]` → Results include all word types except nouns (NOUN). IT: `[pos!="NOUN"]` → Results include all word types except nouns (NOUN).
`&`	Combines `pos`, `word` or `lemma` for a single search term:	DE: `[word="richtig" & pos="ADV"]` → Occurrences of richtig only as an adverb, not as an adjective. FR: `[word="juste" & pos="ADV"]` → Occurrences of juste only as an adverb, not as an adjective. IT: `[word="giusto" & pos="ADV"]` → Occurrences of giusto only as an adverb, not as an adjective.
`\`	Interprets characters literally, even if they are placeholders in CQP:	DE: `[word="Erneuerbare"] [word="\?"]` → Finds Erneuerbare? literally. FR: `[word="Énergie"] [word="\?"]` → Finds Énergie? literally. IT: `[word="Energia"] [word="\?"]` → Finds Energia? literally.
`%c`	Case-insensitive search:	DE: `[word="energie"%c]` → Energie, energie FR: `[word="énergie"%c]` → Énergie, énergie IT: `[word="energia"%c]` → Energia, energia

4.3.5. Tagsets#

Use the following tables as a reference for part-of-speech (PoS) tags.

German Tagset (STTS)

UPOS	XPOS	Description	Description (EN)	Example
ADJ	ADJA	attributives Adjektiv	attributive adjective	[das] grosse [Haus]
ADJ	ADJD	adverbiales oder prädikatives Adjektiv	adverbial or predicative adjective	[er fährt] schnell, [er ist] schnell
ADP	APPR	Präposition; Zirkumposition links	preposition; circumposition left	in [der Stadt], ohne [mich]
ADP	APPRART	Präposition mit Artikel	preposition with article	im [Haus], zum [Beispiel]
ADP	APPO	Postposition	postposition	[ihm] zufolge, [der Sache] wegen
ADP	APZR	Zirkumposition rechts	circumposition right	[von jetzt] an
ADV	ADV	Adverb	adverb	hier, bald, gestern
ADV	PAV	Pronominaladverb	pronominal adverb	dafür, dabei, deswegen, trotzdem
ADV	PWAV	adverbiales Interrogativ- oder Relativpronomen	adverbial interrogative or relative pronoun	warum, wo, wann, worüber
AUX	VAFIN	finites Verb, Auxiliar	finite verb, auxiliary	[du] bist, [wir] werden
AUX	VAINF	Infinitiv, Auxiliar	infinitive, auxiliary	werden, sein
AUX	VAPP	Partizip Perfekt, Auxiliar	past participle, auxiliary	gewesen
AUX	VAIMP	Imperativ, Auxiliar	imperative, auxiliary	sei [ruhig!]
CCONJ	KON	nebenordnende Konjunktion	coordinating conjunction	und, oder, aber
CCONJ	KOKOM	Vergleichspartikel, ohne Satz	comparative particle, without sentence	als, wie
DET	ART	bestimmter oder unbestimmter Artikel	definite or indefinite article	der, die, das, ein, eine
DET	PDAT	attribuierendes Demonstrativpronomen	attributive demonstrative pronoun	jener [Mensch]
DET	PIAT	attribuierendes Indefinitpronomen ohne Determiner	attributive indefinite pronoun without determiner	kein [Mensch], irgendein [Glas]
DET	PPOSAT	attribuierendes Possesivpronomen	attributive possessive pronoun	mein [Buch], deine [Mutter]
DET	PWAT	attribuierendes Interrogativpronomen	attributive interrogative pronoun	welche [Farbe], wessen [Hut]
INTJ	ITJ	Interjektion	interjection	mhm, ach, tja
NOUN	NN	Appellativa	appellative	Tisch, Herr, [das] Reisen
NUM	CARD	Kardinalzahl	cardinal number	zwei [Männer], [im Jahre] 1994
PART	PTKVZ	abgetrennter Verbzusatz	separable verb prefix	[er kommt] an, [er fährt] Velo
PART	PTKNEG	Negationspartikel	negation particle	nicht
PART	PTKA	Partikel bei Adjektiv oder Adverb	particle with adjective or adverb	am [schönsten], zu [schnell]
PART	PTKZU	‘zu’ vor Infinitiv	‘zu’ before infinitive	zu [gehen]
PART	PTKANT	Antwortpartikel	answer particle	ja, nein, danke, bitte
PRON	PRELAT	attribuierendes Relativpronomen	attributive relative pronoun	[der Mann,] dessen [Hund]
PRON	PIS	substituierendes Indefinitpronomen	substitutive indefinite pronoun	keiner, viele, man, niemand
PRON	PPER	irreflexives Personalpronomen	non-reflexive personal pronoun	ich, er, ihm, mich, der
PRON	PDS	substituierendes Demonstrativpronomen	substitutive demonstrative pronoun	dieser, jener
PRON	PRF	reflexives Personalpronomen	reflexive personal pronoun	sich, einander, dich, mir
PRON	PRELS	substituierendes Relativpronomen	substitutive relative pronoun	[der Hund,] der
PRON	PWS	substituierendes Interrogativpronomen	substitutive interrogative pronoun	wer, was
PRON	PPOSS	substituierendes Possesivpronomen	substitutive possessive pronoun	meins, deiner
PROPN	NE	Eigennamen	proper names	Hans, Hamburg, HSV
PUNCT	$,	Komma	comma	,
PUNCT	$.	Satzbeendende Interpunktion	sentence-ending punctuation	. ? ! ; :
PUNCT	$(	sonstige Satzzeichen; satzintern	other punctuation marks; within sentence	( ) [ ]-
SCONJ	KOUS	unterordnende Konjunktion mit Satz	subordinating conjunction with sentence	weil, dass, damit, wenn, ob
SCONJ	KOUI	unterordnende Konjunktion mit ‘zu’ und Infinitiv	subordinating conjunction with ‘zu’ and infinitive	um [zu leben], anstatt [zu fragen]
VERB	VMPP	Partizip Perfekt, modal	past participle, modal	[er hat] gekonnt
VERB	VVFIN	finites Verb, voll	finite verb, full	[du] gehst, [wir] kommen [an]
VERB	VVPP	Partizip Perfekt, voll	past participle, full	gegangen, angekommen
VERB	VMFIN	finites Verb, modal	finite verb, modal	dürfen
VERB	VVINF	Infinitiv, modal	infinitive, modal	wollen
VERB	VVIZU	Infinitiv mit ‘zu’, voll	infinitive with ‘zu’, full	anzukommen, loszulassen
VERB	VMINF	Infinitiv, modal	infinitive, modal	wollen
VERB	VVIMP	Imperativ, voll	imperative, full	komm [!]
X	TRUNC	Kompositions-Erstglied	first part of compound	an [und Abreise]
X	FM	Fremdsprachliches Material	foreign language material	[er hat das mit “] A big fish [” übersetzt]
X	XY	Nichtwort: (Sonderzeichen enthaltend), Stottern, Wort-Bestandteil-Reste	non-word: (containing special characters), stuttering, word fragments	“(D2XW3), w w [weißt du], [te] ha we [in der Normalisierung THW]”

French Part-of-Speech Tagset

UPOS	XPOS	Description	Description (EN)	Example
ADJ	ADJ	adjectif	adjective	grand, petit
ADP	PRP	préposition	preposition	à, de, pour
ADP	PRP:det	préposition plus article (au, du, aux, des)	preposition plus article (au, du, aux, des)	au, du, aux, des
ADV	ADV	adverbe	adverb	vite, bien
CCONJ	KON	conjunction	conjunction	et, mais
DET	DET:ART	article	article	le, la, les
DET	DET:POS	pronom possessif (ma, ta, …)	possessive pronoun (ma, ta, …)	ma, ta, sa
DET	PRO:DEM	pronom démonstratif	demonstrative pronoun	celui, celle
DET	PRO:IND	pronom indéfini	indefinite pronoun	quelqu’un, aucun
DET	PRO:POS	pronom possessif	possessive pronoun	le mien, le tien
DET	PRO:REL	pronom relatif	relative pronoun	qui, que
INTJ	INT	interjection	interjection	oh, ah
NOUN	NOM	nom commun	common noun	chat, maison
NUM	NUM	numéral	numeral	un, deux, trois
PRON	PRO	pronom (any)	pronoun (any)	il, elle
PRON	PRO:PER	pronom personnel	personal pronoun	je, tu, nous
PROPN	NAM	nom propre	proper noun	Paris, Jean
PUNCT	PUN	ponctuation	punctuation	., ,, !
PUNCT	PUN:cit	ponctuation citation	quotation punctuation	«, »
PUNCT	SENT	tag de phrase	sentence tag	…
SYM	SYM	symbole	symbol	%, &
VERB	VER:cond	verbe conditionnel	conditional verb	ferais, aurais
VERB	VER:futu	verbe futur	future tense verb	ferai, aurai
VERB	VER:impe	verbe impératif	imperative verb	fais, sois
VERB	VER:impf	verbe imparfait	imperfect tense verb	faisais, avais
VERB	VER:infi	verbe infinitif	infinitive verb	faire, avoir
VERB	VER:pper	verbe participe passé	past participle	fait, eu
VERB	VER:ppre	verbe participe présent	present participle	faisant, ayant
VERB	VER:pres	verbe présent	present tense verb	fais, ai
VERB	VER:simp	verbe passé simple	simple past tense verb	fis, eus
VERB	VER:subi	verbe subjonctif imparfait	imperfect subjunctive verb	fisse, eusse
VERB	VER:subp	verbe subjonctif présent	present subjunctive verb	fasse, aie
X	ABR	abréviation	abbreviation	M. (Monsieur)

Italian Part-of-Speech Tagset

UPOS	XPOS	Description	Description (EN)	Example
ADJ	ADJ	aggettivo	adjective	bello, grande
ADP	PRE	preposizione	preposition	di, a
ADP	PRE:det	preposizione articolata	preposition + article	del, nel
ADV	ADV	avverbio	adverb	velocemente, bene
CCONJ	CON	congiunzione	conjunction	e, ma
DET	DET:def	determinante definito	definite determiner	il, la
DET	DET:indef	determinante indefinito	indefinite determiner	un, una
DET	PRO:rela	pronome relativo	relative pronoun	che, cui
DET	PRO:indef	pronome indefinito	indefinite pronoun	qualcuno, niente
DET	PRO:demo	pronome dimostrativo	demonstrative pronoun	questo, quello
DET	PRO:poss	pronome possessivo	possessive pronoun	mio, tuo
DET	PRO:inter	pronome interrogativo	interrogative pronoun	chi, che cosa
INTJ	INT	interiezione	interjection	oh, ah
NOUN	NOM	nome	noun	cane, casa
NUM	ORD	ordinale	ordinal number	primo, secondo
NUM	NUM	numero	numeral	due, tre
PRON	PRO:refl	pronome riflessivo	reflexive pronoun	si, mi
PRON	PRO:pers	pronome personale	personal pronoun	io, tu
PRON	PRO	pronome	pronoun	egli, esso
PROPN	NPR	nome proprio	proper noun	Italia, Maria
PUNCT	PON	punteggiatura	punctuation	, ;
PUNCT	SENT	fine frase	sentence end	. !
SYM	SYM	simbolo	symbol	$, %
VERB	VER:pres	verbo presente	present tense verb	corre, mangia
VERB	VER:infi	verbo infinito	infinitive verb	correre, mangiare
VERB	VER:pper	verbo participio passato	past participle	corso, mangiato
VERB	VER:geru	verbo gerundio	gerund	correndo, mangiando
VERB	VER:impf	verbo imperfetto	imperfect verb	correva, mangiava
VERB	VER:cond	verbo condizionale	conditional verb	correrebbe, mangerebbe
VERB	VER:cpre	verbo congiuntivo presente	present subjunctive verb	corra, mangi
VERB	VER:remo	verbo passato remoto	historical perfect	corse, mangiò
VERB	VER:cimp	verbo congiuntivo imperfetto	imperfect subjunctive verb	corresse, mangiasse
VERB	VER:impe	verbo imperativo	imperative verb	corri, mangia
VERB	VER:ppre	verbo participio presente	present participle	correndo, mangiando
VERB	VER:futu	verbo futuro	future verb	correrà, mangerà
VERB	VER:ppt	verbo passato prossimo	present perfect verb	ha corso, ha mangiato
VERB	VER:refl:infi	verbo riflessivo infinito	reflexive infinitive verb	lavarsi, vestirsi
X	FW	parola straniera	foreign word	software, weekend
X	LS	indicatore di elenco	list item marker	- •
X	ABR	abbreviazione	abbreviation	etc., es.
X	NBC	parola non categorizzata	uncategorized word	xyz, abc

Rumantsch Grischun Part-of-Speech Tagset

UPOS	XPOS	Descripziun (RM)	Description (EN)	Example
ADJ	ADJ	Adjectiv	Adjective	bel (beautiful)
ADP	PREP	Preposiziun	Preposition	sper (near)
ADV	ADV	Adverb	Adverb	gunt (early)
CCONJ	CONJ	Conjuncziun	Conjunction	e (and)
DET	ART	Artichel	Article	il (the)
INTJ	INTERJ	Interjecziun	Interjection	ah (ah)
NOUN	NOUN	Sustantiv	Noun	chaschun (reason)
NUM	DIG	Numer en furma numerica	Numbers in numeric form	7 (seven)
NUM	NUM	Numerals	Numerals	tschintg (five)
PART	PRT	Particula (particula da negaziun)	Particle (Negation particle)	na (not)
PRON	DEM	Pronum demonstrativ	Demonstrative pronoun	lezza (that one there)
PRON	PRON	Pronum	Pronoun	el (he)
PROPN	PROP	Nums	Proper noun	Maria (Maria)
PUNCT	PUNC	Segn da punctuaziun	Punctuation mark	. (full stop)
PUNCT	SENT	Segn da punctuaziun (sentenza)	Punctuation mark (sentence)	? (question mark)
PUNT	CM	Comma	Comma	, (comma)
SCONJ	SUBJ	Conjuncziuns subordinadas	Subordinating conjunction	sche (if)
SYM	SYMBOL	Simbol	Symbol	% (percent)
VERB	VERB	Verb	Verb	mangi (eat)
X	ABBR	Abreviaziun	Abbreviation	dr. (Dr.)
X	INITIAL	Abreviaziuns cun inizialas sco A.	Initial abbreviations like A.	M. (M.)
X	LET	Bustab	Letter	A (A)